Plectrums

A plectrum, commonly known as a pick, is a small flat tool used to pluck or strum the strings of fretted or open-string instruments. It is held between the thumb and another finger and can influence tone, attack, and precision depending on its material, shape, and thickness. Plectrums are used on guitars, basses, mandolins, banjos, bouzoukis, and many related instruments, as well as in some lute and oud traditions.

Materials and design vary widely. Modern picks are typically made from plastics such as celluloid, acetal (Delrin), nylon, or acrylic. Historically, plectrums were made from bone, ivory, wood, or tortoiseshell; due to conservation concerns, tortoiseshell use has declined in favor of synthetic alternatives. Material choices affect tone and durability: denser, stiffer picks produce brighter attack and more volume, while lighter picks yield a softer feel and mellower tone. Shape and thickness also influence playability; common shapes include teardrop, triangle, and jazz-shaped designs, with thickness ranges broadly categorized as thin, medium, and heavy. Bevels, grip textures, and coatings can further modify handling and tone.

Use and technique vary by instrument and style. Plectrums enable rapid picking and articulated phrasing, with methods such as alternate picking, economy picking, or sweep picking in guitar playing. In fingerstyle play, players may rely on the nails or finger pads instead of a pick, or use a pick in combination with fingers.

Historical notes indicate plectra have deep roots in many cultures, with early examples crafted from bone, horn, or shell. The modern plastic pick became standard in the 20th century, expanding tonal possibilities across genres.