Pitkäaaltainen

Pitkäaaltainen, or the European eel (*Anguilla anguilla*), is a species of eel native to freshwater and brackish environments in Europe and the Mediterranean. It is renowned for its elongated, snake-like body, which can reach lengths of up to 1.5 meters (5 feet) and weigh as much as 6.5 kilograms (14 pounds). The species is characterized by its silvery coloration, smooth scales, and a distinctive dark lateral line running along its body.

The life cycle of the pitkäaaltainen is one of the most fascinating among fish species. It begins in the Sargasso Sea, an area in the North Atlantic Ocean, where larvae known as leptocephali hatch from eggs. After drifting for several months, they transform into transparent glass eels and migrate to European coasts, entering rivers and lakes to grow into juvenile yellow eels. After several years, they mature into adult silver eels, which then undertake a remarkable return journey to the Sargasso Sea to spawn, often traveling thousands of kilometers. The exact mechanisms of their navigation remain a subject of scientific study.

Historically, pitkäaaltainen has played a significant ecological and cultural role in Europe. It is a key species in freshwater ecosystems, serving as both predator and prey, and has been a traditional food source in many regions. However, populations have declined sharply due to habitat loss, overfishing, and obstacles to migration, such as dams. As a result, the European eel was listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List in 2021, prompting conservation efforts across the continent.

In Finland, the pitkäaaltainen is particularly valued for its role in local fisheries and folklore. It is often associated with lakes and rivers, where it is prized for its delicate, flaky flesh. Conservation programs, including eel passes in dams and habitat restoration, aim to support its recovery while maintaining cultural and ecological balance.