Pitchbend

Pitchbend refers to a control or effect used in music, primarily with electronic instruments like synthesizers and MIDI controllers, to momentarily alter the pitch of a note. It allows a performer to bend the pitch upwards or downwards from the intended note, creating expressive glissando or vibrato effects that mimic the capabilities of acoustic instruments like string or wind instruments.

The most common implementation of pitchbend is a wheel or lever physically attached to a keyboard. Moving this control away from its neutral position causes the pitch to rise or fall. The amount of pitch change is typically defined by a parameter called pitchbend range, which is set in the instrument's or controller's settings. This range determines the maximum upward and downward shift in semitones.

In digital audio workstations (DAWs) and sequencing software, pitchbend information is recorded as a type of MIDI data. This data can be edited and manipulated, allowing for precise control over pitch modulation without the need for physical hardware. Specialized plugins and virtual instruments also offer sophisticated pitchbend capabilities, sometimes incorporating complex modulation options.

The pitchbend effect is crucial for adding expressiveness and nuance to synthesized music. It's widely used to emulate the natural vibrato of a singer's voice, the subtle slides of a guitar string, or the distinct intonation of a saxophone. Its ability to create fluid pitch transitions makes it an indispensable tool for many contemporary music genres.