Phalaropus

Phalaropus is a small genus of wading birds in the family Scolopacidae that comprises three species: Wilson's phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor), Red-necked phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus), and Red phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius). They are distinctive among shorebirds for their aquatic habits, strong swimming ability, and flexible diets.

Physically, phalaropes are slender, small to medium-sized shorebirds with long bills and comparatively short legs. They have lobed toes that aid in swimming. A notable feature of this genus is reverse sexual dimorphism: females are often more brightly colored and compete for mates, while males perform most incubation and parental duties.

Feeding behavior is unusual for shorebirds. Phalaropes forage at the surface of shallow water or just below it, catching small aquatic invertebrates. They commonly execute rapid, circular or spiral movements to churn the water and bring prey into reach, a technique that distinguishes them from many related species.

Breeding and migration occur in two main phases. Phalaropes breed in Arctic and subarctic tundra across North America and Eurasia, constructing ground nests and laying several eggs. They are migratory, wintering in temperate or tropical regions, with many populations spending the winter at sea or along coastal waters far from their breeding grounds.

Taxonomically, Phalaropus belongs to the order Charadriiformes and the family Scolopacidae. Conservation status varies by species and region but is generally monitored due to habitat changes and migratory pressures.