Petecchie

Petecchie are small, pinpoint hemorrhages that appear as tiny red or purple spots on the skin or mucous membranes. These spots are caused by the rupture of tiny blood vessels called capillaries just beneath the surface of the skin. Petecchie are often a symptom of underlying medical conditions rather than a standalone disease.

The appearance of petecchie can vary from a few millimeters to less than a millimeter in diameter. They can occur anywhere on the body but are most commonly seen on the arms, legs, and the inside of the mouth. Unlike larger subcutaneous bleeding (bruises), petecchie do not change color or fade with time; they usually persist until the blood vessel repair occurs.

Petecchie can result from a variety of causes, including trauma, infections (such as meningococcal infections or viral illnesses), blood clotting disorders, and certain medications that affect blood clotting mechanisms. They are sometimes associated with systemic conditions like vasculitis or leukemia.

Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation and often laboratory tests to identify underlying conditions. Treatment depends on the cause; in cases where petecchie are related to infections or blood disorders, addressing the primary condition is essential. In some instances, petecchie may resolve spontaneously, especially when caused by minor trauma.

Because petecchie can signify serious health issues, medical attention is advised if they appear suddenly, spread quickly, or are accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, bleeding, or weakness. Early diagnosis of underlying causes can be critical for appropriate management and treatment.