Perusambulanssit

Perusambulanssi is the basic level of ambulance services in Finland and forms the backbone of prehospital emergency care across the country. It is designed to provide rapid medical assistance from the scene of an incident to a basic casualty treatment facility, such as a district hospital. The term “perus” (basic) distinguishes this level from higher categories such as “tehokas” (enhanced) or “kattava” (full) ambulances, which carry additional equipment and undertake more complex interventions.

Perusambulanssit are staffed by a crew composed of at least one qualified paramedic and one ambulance technician. The standard equipment package includes basic life support tools – airway devices, monitoring devices, basic medications, and emergency drugs – and is sufficient for initial resuscitation, basic stabilization of injuries, and rapid transport. The vehicles are built to comply with Finnish regulations regarding safety and design and are fitted with a siren, warning lights, and communications gear to coordinate with the emergency medical dispatch center (121). Many perusambulanssit are also equipped with a small oxygen tank and a simple cardiac monitor.

The introduction of perusambulanssit in the 1980s was a response to the need for more efficient and accessible emergency care. Prior to that era, patients were largely transported by privately owned vehicles or medical taxis. Today, perusambulanssit operate under the authority of the Finnish Ambulance Service, which is integrated into the national health system. The Ministry of Social Affairs and Health sets national standards for training, equipment, and operational protocols.

Key functions of the perusambulanssi include on‑scene medical assessment, basic life support, wound dressing, administration of emergency medication, and safe transport to the nearest suitable medical facility. While they generally do not perform advanced procedures such as intubation or cardiac pacing, they can call in specialized units if the situation escalates.

The use of perusambulanssit has been shown to improve patient outcomes by reducing response times and ensuring early intervention. Finland’s commitment to a tiered ambulance system allows resources to be allocated efficiently, matching the patient’s needs with the appropriate level of care.