Perthes

Perthes, also known as Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, is a childhood hip disorder that affects the blood supply to the femoral head, the ball-shaped top of the thigh bone. This disruption in blood flow causes the bone tissue in the femoral head to die, a process called avascular necrosis. Over time, the bone weakens, flattens, and can become deformed.

The exact cause of Perthes disease is unknown, but it is thought to be related to a temporary interruption of blood supply to the femoral head. It typically affects children between the ages of 4 and 10, and is more common in boys than girls. Symptoms can include limping, hip pain, knee pain, and a limited range of motion in the affected hip. The disease usually affects only one hip, but in some cases, both hips can be involved.

Diagnosis is made through physical examination and imaging tests, such as X-rays, which can show changes in the femoral head. Treatment aims to contain the femoral head within the hip socket and allow the bone to heal and regenerate. Options range from conservative management, including activity modification and physical therapy, to more invasive surgical procedures in severe cases. The goal of treatment is to minimize deformity and preserve hip function for the long term. The prognosis for Perthes disease is generally good, especially when diagnosed and treated early, with most children regaining good hip function. However, some individuals may develop osteoarthritis in the affected hip later in life.