Peritonealpunktion

Peritoneal punktion is a medical procedure involving the insertion of a needle or catheter into the peritoneal cavity to obtain fluid samples or for therapeutic purposes. This technique is primarily used in the diagnosis and management of ascites, peritonitis, and other abdominal conditions.

The procedure is typically performed under sterile conditions, often with the aid of ultrasound guidance to improve accuracy and safety. Patients are usually positioned to maximize access to the lower abdomen or iliac fossa. Local anesthesia is administered to minimize discomfort, and a thin needle or catheter is carefully inserted through the abdominal wall into the peritoneal cavity.

Peritoneal puncture allows clinicians to aspirate peritoneal fluid for laboratory analysis, including cell counts, biochemical tests, microbiology, and cytology. These analyses help diagnose the cause of ascites, differentiate infectious from malignant or other conditions, and guide treatment strategies. In some cases, the procedure may be used therapeutically for drainage of excess fluid to relieve symptoms such as abdominal discomfort or respiratory compromise.

Risks associated with peritoneal punktion include injury to abdominal organs or blood vessels, infection, or bleeding. Proper technique and sterile precautions are important to minimize complications. In certain patients, such as those with coagulopathies or abdominal infections, the procedure may be contraindicated or require additional precautions.

Peritoneal punktion is a valuable diagnostic tool in gastroenterology and surgery, providing critical information about intra-abdominal pathology. The procedure's simplicity and effectiveness make it a common intervention in both outpatient and inpatient settings for assessment and management of peritoneal diseases.