Pentecostal

Pentecostalism is a branch of Protestant Christianity that emphasizes the experience of the baptism with the Holy Spirit, believed to empower believers for service and to be evidenced by tongues, prophecy, healing, and other spiritual gifts.

Originating in the early 20th century, Pentecostalism grew out of the Holiness movement. It gained prominence with the Azusa Street Revival of 1906 in Los Angeles, led by William J. Seymour, and soon spread across North America, Latin America, Africa, and Asia.

Key beliefs include a post-conversion baptism with the Holy Spirit, the continuing availability of spiritual gifts, a high regard for Scripture, and salvation by faith in Jesus. Baptism, usually by immersion, is commonly practiced as well.

Worship tends to be lively and expressive, featuring spontaneous prayer, praise music, prophecy, and healing services, with an emphasis on mission and evangelism.

Pentecostalism comprises many denominations and independent congregations. The Assemblies of God (founded 1914) is among the largest. Other major bodies include the Church of God in Christ and the International Pentecostal Holiness Church. The movement has also influenced the Charismatic Renewal within older denominations since the mid-20th century.

Globally, Pentecostal churches are prominent in Africa and Latin America and have become some of the fastest-growing Christian communities in many regions.

Beliefs about women's roles in ministry vary, with some groups ordaining women and others restricting leadership to men.

Critics point to doctrinal differences with other Christian groups and to concerns about certain practices, such as faith healing claims or prosperity teaching. Proponents emphasize personal experience, biblical authority, and mission.