1914

1914 was a pivotal year in modern history, marked by intense political and military tensions that culminated in a global war. In Europe, rising nationalism, alliance commitments, and an arms race created a volatile environment. At the same time, imperial powers pursued colonial and strategic interests, while social tensions and reform movements continued in various regions.

On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife were assassinated in Sarajevo, an event that triggered a chain of diplomatic crises. Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia, and after its partial rejection, declared war in late July. Russia mobilized in defense of Serbia, and Germany declared war on Russia and France. Germany invaded Belgium as part of the Schlieffen Plan, prompting Britain to declare war on Germany.

1914 also saw significant developments outside Europe. The Panama Canal opened on August 15, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and altering global trade and naval strategy. The year marked the beginning of a prolonged conflict that would involve countries across continents, reshaping politics, economies, and societies for the remainder of the century.

By the end of 1914, the collision of alliances, mobilizations, and wartime economies signaled a new era in international relations. World War I would last four more years, drawing in nations worldwide and resulting in far-reaching political and social changes.