Pelés

Pelés, also known as peles or peles de galinha, is a common term used in Portuguese to describe the condition of goosebumps. Goosebumps occur when tiny muscles attached to hair follicles, called arrector pili muscles, contract. This contraction causes the hair to stand on end, resulting in the characteristic bumpy appearance of the skin.

This physiological response is often triggered by cold temperatures, strong emotions such as fear or excitement, or even certain stimuli like loud noises. While the contraction of these muscles is a reflex action, its evolutionary purpose is thought to be related to thermoregulation and defense. In animals with thicker fur, the erection of hairs can trap a layer of air, providing insulation against the cold. In situations of perceived danger, the standing up of fur or hair can make an animal appear larger and more intimidating to a predator.

In humans, who have relatively little body hair compared to many other mammals, the thermoregulatory benefit of goosebumps is minimal. However, the emotional response remains. The term "pelés" is widely understood in Portuguese-speaking countries to refer to this immediate physical reaction to environmental or emotional stimuli. It is a common, everyday expression used to describe a familiar bodily sensation.