Pecari

Pecari is a small genus of New World hoofed mammals in the family Tayassuidae, commonly known as peccaries or javelinas. The genus comprises two living species: the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) and the white-lipped peccary (Pecari pecari). They are native to the Americas, with ranges extending from the southwestern United States through Central America and into tropical South America. The white-lipped peccary is more restricted to tropical forests, especially in the Amazon basin, while the collared peccary has a broader distribution, including arid and semi-arid regions.

Physically, pecaries are medium-sized, stocky animals with short legs and a stout snout. Fur color varies from brown to gray, and species are distinguished by facial markings: the collared peccary typically has a light band around the shoulders, whereas the white-lipped peccary has pale lips and a lighter facial area. They are well adapted for foraging on the forest floor and in open habitats.

Ecology and behavior: pecaries are highly social and typically form herds that may number from a few individuals to several dozen. They communicate with vocalizations and scent marking, and they travel in groups to defend feeding territories and care for young. Their diet is omnivorous, including fruits, seeds, nuts, tubers, roots, insects, and sometimes small vertebrates. They play a role in seed dispersal and soil turnover due to their rooting for food.

Reproduction and lifespan: breeding can occur year-round in favorable climates. Gestation lasts about 140–150 days, commonly yielding 1–4 offspring. Juveniles are cared for by the group and wean after several weeks.

Conservation status varies by species and region; the collared peccary is generally listed as Least Concern, while the white-lipped peccary faces greater regional pressures from habitat loss and disease.