Peavalu

Peavalu is the Estonian word for headache, a common symptom described as pain anywhere in the head or face. In medical use, peavalu covers both short-lived, self-limited head pain and headaches that signal an underlying condition. Headache is typically categorized as primary or secondary. Primary headaches arise on their own and include tension-type headache (the most common form), migraine, and cluster headache. Secondary headaches result from another medical issue, such as an infection, sinus disease, head injury, or medication overuse, and may require evaluation to identify an underlying cause.

Causes and triggers are varied and can differ by type. Genetics, brain chemistry, and environmental factors play roles. Common triggers include stress, poor sleep, dehydration, skipping meals, caffeine withdrawal or excess, alcohol, hormonal changes, and certain foods or weather changes.

Symptoms vary by type. Tension-type headaches usually cause a bilateral, pressing or tightening sensation around the head. Migraines often involve unilateral throbbing pain with nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light or sound, and may include aura. Cluster headaches present as severe unilateral pain around the eye with accompanying autonomic symptoms such as tearing or nasal congestion.

Diagnosis relies on patient history and physical examination; imaging or other tests are used if red flags or atypical features are present. Treatments aim to relieve symptoms and prevent recurrence. For many headaches, common analgesics such as paracetamol or NSAIDs are used; migraines may be treated with triptans and antiemetics. Preventive strategies include lifestyle adjustments and, in frequent or disabling cases, preventive medications. Most peavalu episodes are benign and manageable with appropriate care.