Passivhausplanung

Passivhausplanung, also known as Passive House planning, is an architectural and construction approach focused on designing buildings with minimal energy requirements for heating and cooling. Originating in Germany in the late 1980s, the concept was developed by the Passivhaus Institute (Passivhaus Institut) in Darmstadt, aiming to drastically reduce energy consumption in residential and commercial buildings. The primary goal is to achieve a nearly energy-neutral structure through high insulation, airtight construction, and efficient ventilation systems.

Central to Passivhausplanung is the adherence to strict thermal performance standards. Buildings must meet specific criteria, including a maximum heating demand of 15 kilowatt-hours per square meter per year (kWh/m²a) and a limit of 120 kilowatt-hours per square meter per year (kWh/m²a) for primary energy use. These standards ensure that the building envelope minimizes heat loss while maximizing passive solar gains. High-performance windows with triple glazing and low-emissivity coatings are commonly used to reduce thermal bridging and improve insulation.

Another key component is controlled mechanical ventilation with heat recovery (MVHR), which ensures continuous fresh air supply while recovering up to 90% of the heat from exhaust air. This system maintains indoor air quality and comfort without relying on conventional heating or cooling methods. Additionally, Passivhausplanung emphasizes the use of durable, high-quality materials and meticulous construction techniques to achieve an airtight building envelope, typically tested using blower door tests to measure air leakage rates.

The planning process involves collaboration among architects, engineers, and builders to integrate passive design strategies early in the project. This includes optimizing the building’s orientation, shape, and layout to leverage natural lighting and ventilation. While Passivhausplanung may require higher initial costs compared to conventional construction, it often results in long-term energy savings, reduced operational expenses, and enhanced occupant comfort. The approach has gained international recognition and is increasingly adopted in sustainable building practices worldwide.