Paryushana

Paryushana Parva is one of Jainism’s most important annual observances. The name derives from Sanskrit and is commonly interpreted as a period of inner restraint, self-purification, and reflection. It is observed by Jains worldwide, with prominent participation in India and in diaspora communities.

Timing and duration: The festival occurs during the Jain month of Shravana in the lunar calendar, typically in late summer. In the Shvetambara tradition it lasts eight days, while the Digambara tradition observes ten days. The last day is devoted to forgiveness: Shvetambaras call it Kshamavani (forgiveness day); Digambaras observe Samvatsari.

Practices: Central observances include fasting, vow-taking, and intensified religious activities. Practitioners perform samayik (meditation for a fixed period), svadhyay (scriptural study), and pratikraman (confession and repentance). They also engage in charitable acts (dana) and follow the principle of ahimsa (non-violence) more stringently. Community members visit temples, listen to sermons, and many undertake additional fasting or reduced meals during the period.

Significance: Paryushana emphasizes introspection, renunciation, and the renewal of commitments to non-violence, truth, and self-discipline. The forgiveness day aims to repair relationships and seek pardon for wrongs committed in thought, word, or deed toward all beings, fostering reconciliation within the Jain community and beyond.