Paratsetamooliga

Paratsetamooliga, or paracetamol (also known as acetaminophen in some regions), is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic. It is available in tablets, capsules, syrups, and suppositories and is commonly used to relieve mild to moderate pain such as headaches and toothache, and to reduce fever.

Mechanism: The precise mechanism is not fully understood, but paracetamol is thought to act centrally, inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins in the brain, leading to reduced pain sensation and fever. It has limited anti-inflammatory effects at standard doses and is generally gentler on the stomach than NSAIDs.

Usage and dosage: Typical adult dosing is 500-1000 mg every 4-6 hours as needed, not exceeding 4000 mg in 24 hours; some guidelines use 3000 mg to reduce liver risk. Pediatric dosing is weight-based. Do not exceed the total amount of acetaminophen from all sources, as many medicines contain it.

Safety: Paracetamol is usually well tolerated but can cause serious liver injury in overdose or with chronic high-dose use, especially with alcohol use, malnutrition, or liver disease. Rare allergic reactions or skin rash can occur. Overdose is a medical emergency; treatment with acetylcysteine is most effective when started early.

Regulation and history: Paracetamol was developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and became widely available in many countries in the mid-20th century. It is one of the most commonly used over-the-counter medicines worldwide and is available in numerous formulations and brands.