Papilionini

Papilionini is a tribe of swallowtail butterflies within the subfamily Papilioninae of the family Papilionidae. The tribe is most prominently associated with the genus Papilio, which provides a focal point for the group, though the exact composition of Papilionini has varied across classifications and some taxonomic treatments place related genera in other tribes such as Leptocircini.

Members of Papilionini are typically large and vividly colored, often with tail-like extensions on the hindwings. Wing patterns range from black with yellow or white markings to blue, green, or red iridescence, and many species exhibit forms of mimicry or striking sexual dimorphism. The strong, recognizable outlines of swallowtails aid in mate recognition and predator deterrence.

Distribution of Papilionini is cosmopolitan in the tropics and subtropics, with high diversity in Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Habitats vary from forests and forest margins to open grasslands and mountainous regions. Larvae commonly feed on host plants from several families, including Rutaceae and Aristolochiaceae, with adults primarily nectar feeders. Osmeterya, a glandular structure used for defense, is present in many Papilionidae larvae, including those in this tribe.

Life cycles follow complete metamorphosis: eggs laid on or near suitable host plants; caterpillars go through several instars before forming a chrysalis. Pupation often occurs on vegetation or in leaf litter, and the chrysalis may resemble a dry leaf or twig as camouflage. Some Papilionini species are of conservation concern due to habitat loss and collection pressures, while others are popular in butterfly monitoring and education efforts.