PapAbstrichen

PapAbstrichen, also known as Pap‑smears or cervical cytology tests, are a routine screening method used to detect precancerous and cancerous cells in the ectocervix. The procedure involves collecting exfoliated cells from the transformation zone of the cervix with a spatula, brush, or broom‑type device. The sample is then transferred to a glass slide or liquid‑based medium for microscopic examination by a trained cytotechnologist and pathologist.

The primary aim of PapAbstrichen is early identification of cervical intra‑epithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cervical carcinoma, allowing timely intervention and reducing disease mortality. Screening recommendations vary by country but generally advise women to begin testing at age 21, with intervals of three years for cytology alone, or five years when combined with high‑risk human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. Women over 65 may discontinue screening if adequate prior negative results exist and no risk factors are present.

The test originated from the work of Georgios Papanikolaou in the 1920s, who demonstrated that microscopic evaluation of cervical cells could reveal malignant changes. Modern adaptations, such as liquid‑based cytology and automated imaging, have improved specimen quality and detection rates. Limitations include false‑negative results, especially in cases of inadequate sampling, and the inability to detect all high‑risk HPV infections without adjunct testing. Consequently, PapAbstrichen are most effective when integrated into a comprehensive cervical cancer prevention program that includes HPV vaccination, education, and follow‑up care.