Pacelines

A paceline is a cycling formation in which riders ride closely behind one another to reduce aerodynamic drag and conserve energy. The lead rider faces the full wind, while followers draft in the slipstream, allowing the group to maintain higher speeds with less effort. Spacing is commonly about one bike length to half a meter behind the wheel in calm conditions, though gaps can widen in crosswinds or rough roads. In a crosswind, riders may form an echelon, offsetting their positions to catch shelter from the wind.

Formation and rotation: Pacelines can be a fixed single-file train or a rotating arrangement where riders take turns at the front. In steady pacelines, tempo is maintained in a fixed line, while rotating pacelines involve regular pulls at the front followed by a descent to the back of the line. Pull durations are typically measured in seconds to a few minutes, depending on the riders’ fitness and the race or ride situation.

Benefits and uses: The primary advantage is reduced aerodynamic drag for followers, which can translate into energy savings of a significant percentage and higher sustained speeds. Pacelines are common in road racing, long-distance training rides, and group rides where endurance or pacing is important. They also help manage group dynamics by sharing workload and maintaining a steady pace.

Techniques and safety: Effective pacelines rely on communication, predictable movements, and smooth riding. Riders announce pulls, keep steady steering, and avoid braking or accelerating abruptly. Maintain consistent spacing to prevent wheel overlap, and adjust formation for road conditions, traffic, or wind.

Notes: Pacelines require practice and cooperation; they are less suitable in heavy traffic or on narrow, irregular roads.