crosswind

Crosswind refers to wind that blows at an angle to the direction of movement of an object, producing a lateral force. The term is used in meteorology and transportation to describe wind components that are perpendicular to the primary direction of travel.

In aviation, crosswind is the wind component perpendicular to the runway centerline. It affects takeoff and landing, requiring pilot technique to maintain runway alignment. The crosswind component can be estimated from wind speed and angle relative to the runway, often expressed as a percentage or in knots. Pilots manage crosswinds using techniques such as the wing-low or crab methods, and airports publish crosswind limits for each aircraft type. Gusts can worsen these conditions, increasing the risk of runway excursions and go-arounds.

In terrestrial transportation, crosswinds can affect high-profile vehicles like trucks, buses, and trailers, as well as motorcycles. Drivers adjust speed and steering to counter lateral drift, particularly when wind gusts are strong or when passing open areas.

In sailing, crosswinds influence tacking decisions and sail trim; boats may alternately bear away or head up to optimize progress relative to the wind.

In meteorology and safety planning, crosswind is treated as a component of wind relative to a given axis or direction, and is used in models to predict drift of pollutants or to assess structure loading in wind engineering.

The term Crosswind has also been used as a title for various artistic works and products, reflecting its evocative meaning in wind behavior and motion.