Paberitöötlus

Paberitöötlus refers to the processing of paper, a broad term encompassing various stages from the raw material to the finished product. This process is fundamental to the paper industry, enabling the creation of a vast array of paper-based goods used in everyday life.

The primary raw material for paper is cellulose fiber, typically derived from wood pulp. Other sources include recycled paper, cotton rags, and plant fibers like bamboo or hemp. The initial stage often involves pulping, where the fibers are separated and prepared. This can be achieved through mechanical or chemical methods, each affecting the final paper's properties. Mechanical pulping retains more of the wood's components but can result in weaker paper, while chemical pulping removes lignin, leading to stronger and brighter paper.

Following pulping, the fibers are mixed with water to form a slurry. This slurry is then spread evenly onto a fine mesh screen, allowing water to drain away. As the water drains, the cellulose fibers interlock and form a mat. This wet mat then passes through a series of rollers that press out more water and further consolidate the fibers.

The paper then undergoes a drying process, often involving heated cylinders, to remove residual moisture. Finally, additional treatments might be applied, such as calendering to smooth the surface, coating to enhance printability or water resistance, or dyeing to impart color. These steps collectively transform the pulp into usable paper for printing, writing, packaging, and countless other applications.