PURSchaum

PURSchaum, or polyurethane foam, is a polymer foam produced by reacting polyols with di- or polyisocyanates in the presence of blowing agents, catalysts, and additives. The resulting cellular material can be open-cell or closed-cell, and can be formulated as flexible foam or rigid foam depending on the blend and processing conditions.

Flexible PUR foams are soft and elastic, making them suitable for furniture cushions, mattresses, bedding, automotive interiors, and packaging where comfort and energy absorption are important. Rigid PUR foams have a closed-cell structure that provides low thermal conductivity, making them widely used for building insulation, refrigerated panels, and structural composites. Spray polyurethane foams (SPF) are applied as a liquid that expands in place to form a continuous insulating and air-sealing layer on roofs, walls, or other surfaces. Integral skin foams feature a bonded outer skin with a soft interior, combining durability with comfort or appearance.

Production involves mixing a polyol blend with one or more di- or polyisocyanates, along with catalysts and blowing agents. The exothermic reaction generates gas that expands the mixture into a foam, which then cures to a solid. The cell structure, density, and thermal performance are tuned through formulation and processing conditions. Additives can impart flame retardancy, UV stability, moisture resistance, or improved aging behavior.

Safety and environmental considerations are central to PURSchaum usage. Isocyanates can irritate airways and skin, requiring proper ventilation and protective equipment. Blowing agents and additives have evolved to reduce health and environmental impacts, with ongoing attention to low global-warming-potential options and end-of-life disposal or recycling challenges. PURSchaum remains a versatile material across construction, automotive, packaging, and consumer goods, valued for its insulating, cushioning, and mechanical properties.