POChP

POChP stands for Przewlekła obturacyjna choroba płuc, the Polish term for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is a common, progressive lung disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. Most cases are linked to exposure to noxious particles or gases, most often tobacco smoke. POChP is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.

Risk factors include tobacco smoke exposure as the primary cause, as well as occupational dust and fumes, biomass fuel use, outdoor air pollution, and genetic factors such as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Age, history of respiratory infections, and a physiologic susceptibility also influence disease development and progression.

Clinically, POChP presents with chronic dyspnea, persistent cough, and sputum production. Exacerbations may cause acute worsening of symptoms. Diagnosis is confirmed by spirometry, showing a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio below 0.70, with the degree of FEV1 reduction indicating severity. Assessments may include symptom scales, exacerbation history, and evaluation for comorbidities; imaging is used to exclude other conditions and to assess complications.

Management focuses on reducing risk and relieving symptoms. Key measures include smoking cessation, inhaled bronchodilators (short- and long-acting beta-agonists and muscarinic antagonists), and, in selected patients, inhaled corticosteroids. Non-pharmacologic strategies such as pulmonary rehabilitation, vaccination, and lifestyle modification are important. Oxygen therapy is indicated for patients with chronic hypoxemia; surgical options like lung volume reduction or transplantation may be considered in select, severe cases.

POChP necessitates long-term care with ongoing monitoring and individualized treatment plans. In Poland, the term POChP is routinely used, and care guidelines align with international COPD recommendations.