Overfullness

Overfullness is a subjective sensation of being excessively full after meals. It is most noticeable in the upper abdomen and may be accompanied by pressure, mild nausea, or discomfort. It differs from normal post-meal fullness in that it is excessive for the amount eaten and may occur despite modest portions.

Causes include behavioral factors—eating too much, eating quickly, or consuming very fatty meals—and medical conditions such as functional dyspepsia, postprandial distress syndrome, gastroparesis, gastritis, ulcers, or partial gastric outlet obstruction. Medications that slow gastric emptying, diabetes, thyroid disorders, and other chronic illnesses can contribute.

Evaluation begins with history and exam, looking for red flags such as unintended weight loss, vomiting, or difficulty swallowing. Tests may include blood work (thyroid function, anemia screening), abdominal imaging, endoscopy, and, if indicated, gastric emptying studies.

Management focuses on treating the underlying cause and lifestyle adjustments. Dietary changes such as smaller, slower meals, and avoidance of very fatty or large portions are common. Pharmacologic therapies may include acid suppression, prokinetics for delayed gastric emptying, or antiemetics. Diabetes control is important when applicable.

Prognosis varies with cause; functional disorders may improve with lifestyle changes but can be chronic. Seek medical advice for persistent or worsening symptoms, especially with weight loss, vomiting, blood in stool or vomit, severe pain, or if you cannot maintain adequate nutrition.