Oshogatsu

Oshogatsu, or Shogatsu, is the Japanese New Year holiday. It traditionally centers on January 1–3 but preparations and related observances begin in late December. While the term reflects the lunar/solar transition, the modern celebration follows the Gregorian calendar and emphasizes family, purification, and renewal.

Oshogatsu customs include a thorough year-end cleaning (osoji), the display of kadomatsu (pine and bamboo decorations) at entrances, and the set-out of kagami mochi, a mochi display that symbolizes continuity and steadfastness. On New Year’s Eve, many people attend temple bells ringing in the ritual Joya no Kane, and some eat toshikoshi soba or udon to symbolize a smooth transition into the new year.

Hatsumode, the first shrine or temple visit of the year, is a common activity, with worshippers praying for health and happiness. People send nengajo, New Year postcards, to arrive in early January. The traditional osechi-ryori consists of assorted dishes packed in lacquer boxes (jubako), each item representing wishes for the coming year. Children often receive otoshidama, money in special envelopes.

Some aspects of Oshogatsu vary by region and household, but many businesses close for several days. The season is also marked by family reunions, travel, and expressions of gratitude and hope. The celebration blends solemn rites, festive foods, and evolving urban practices, maintaining its status as one of Japan’s most important annual holidays.