Oryzomyine

Oryzomyine refers to a tribe of New World rodents belonging to the subfamily Sigmodontinae. This group, scientifically known as Oryzomyini, comprises a diverse assemblage of over 100 species distributed throughout the Americas, from southern Canada to the southernmost tip of South America. The defining characteristic of oryzomyines is their evolutionary relationship, signifying a shared ancestry and distinct morphological and genetic traits that differentiate them from other sigmodontine rodents.

The term "oryzomyine" is derived from the genus Oryzomys, which was historically considered a more inclusive group but has since been subject to taxonomic revision. Species within this tribe exhibit a wide range of ecological adaptations, inhabiting various environments such as forests, grasslands, savannas, and even aquatic or semi-aquatic habitats. Their diets are also varied, commonly including seeds, fruits, insects, and other small invertebrates.

Notable genera within the Oryzomyini tribe include Oryzomys, Reithrodontomys (now often placed in its own tribe, Reithrodontomyini), Oryzomys, Holochilus, and Megalomys. Many oryzomyine species play important roles in their ecosystems, acting as prey for predators and contributing to seed dispersal. Conservation statuses for oryzomyine species vary considerably, with some being abundant while others face significant threats due to habitat loss and other human-induced pressures.