Ortosztatikus

Ortosztatikus refers to any physiological response or condition related to standing up. It is most commonly used in the context of orthostatic hypotension, which is a drop in blood pressure upon standing. This can cause symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, blurred vision, weakness, and even fainting. Ortosztatikus intolerance is a broader term that encompasses various conditions where the body has difficulty compensating for the postural change from lying or sitting to standing. These can include orthostatic hypotension, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), and vasovagal syncope.

The body normally has mechanisms to maintain blood pressure when changing position. When a person stands, gravity pulls blood downwards, reducing the amount returning to the heart. To counteract this, the heart rate increases slightly, and blood vessels constrict. In individuals with orthostatic intolerance, these compensatory mechanisms are not functioning effectively. Factors contributing to orthostatic intolerance can include dehydration, certain medications, prolonged bed rest, anemia, and underlying medical conditions like autonomic neuropathy. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and sometimes specific tests such as the tilt table test to assess the body's response to postural changes. Management strategies vary depending on the underlying cause and can include lifestyle modifications like increasing fluid and salt intake, medication adjustments, and specific exercises.