OpticalRF

OpticalRF is a field that encompasses the use of optical techniques and components to generate, distribute, process, or sense radio frequency (RF) signals. The term refers to architectures where light acts as the carrier or processing medium for RF information, enabling photonic front-ends and microwave photonics.

Core technologies include electro-optic modulation to imprint RF onto an optical carrier, and photodetection to recover RF from light. Microwave photonics uses photonic integrated circuits, fiber links, and high-speed lasers to perform functions such as upconversion, downconversion, filtering, delay, and phase shifting in the optical domain. OpticalRF systems often rely on connectors between photonic components and RF electronics, enabling hybrid signal paths and integrated timing references.

Applications span wireless backhaul and fronthaul for cellular networks, radar and electronic warfare systems, broadband RF distribution in large facilities, and instrumentation. The approach supports transport of wideband signals, agile signal processing, and precise timing distribution, and is increasingly considered for next-generation 5G/6G infrastructures and sensor networks.

Advantages include very wide bandwidths, low loss over long distances when using fiber, and immunity to electromagnetic interference, along with opportunities for integration and reduced weight. Limitations involve noise and nonlinearities from photodetectors and modulators, dispersion, thermal sensitivity, and higher design complexity. Development priorities focus on photonic integrated circuits for RF front-ends, low-loss modulators, integrated filters, and standardized interfaces to microwave electronics, with emphasis on latency-sensitive and high-frequency applications.

See also microwave photonics, radio over fiber.