OpenSCAD

OpenSCAD is a free, open-source software for creating solid 3D CAD models. It differs from interactive modelers by using a script-based approach: models are described with a text program in OpenSCAD's own language, and the resulting geometry is generated algorithmically. This makes it well suited for parametric design and reproducible manufacturing workflows, particularly for 3D printing.

Modeling is performed by composing primitive shapes and applying transformations and boolean operations. Primitives include cube, sphere, cylinder, and polyhedron. Transformations include translate, rotate, scale, and mirror. Boolean operations include union, difference, and intersection. The language also supports variables, functions, modules, loops, and conditional statements. Two-dimensional shapes can be extruded or revolved to form 3D objects via linear_extrude and rotate_extrude. Models can import 2D DXF data, and libraries can be included to extend functionality.

Workflow in OpenSCAD centers on a live preview that updates as code changes; the full calculation can be rendered with the render() function to produce a manifold mesh for export. OpenSCAD exports models in STL format suitable for 3D printing, with other export formats potentially available through versions or extensions. The tool emphasizes precise parameter control and reproducibility rather than freeform sculpting.

Platform and license: OpenSCAD runs on Windows, macOS, and Linux, and is released under the GNU General Public License (version 2 or later). The project is maintained by a community of developers and contributors, with widely used third-party libraries such as BOSL.