Onkolitikus

Onkolitikus refers to a type of medical treatment primarily used in the field of oncology, specifically in the management of certain cancers. The term originates from combining the Greek word *onkos* (meaning "tumor" or "mass") and *lithos* (meaning "stone"), though its modern usage is more closely tied to the concept of breaking down or dissolving tumor-related obstructions, particularly in the biliary system. This treatment is most commonly associated with the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) or other targeted interventions for obstructions caused by tumors, such as those in the bile ducts or pancreatic ducts.

The most well-known application of onkolitikus therapy involves the use of photodynamic therapy combined with a photosensitizing agent, such as porfimer sodium or talaporfin sodium. These agents are administered intravenously and accumulate in malignant tissues. When exposed to light of a specific wavelength, the agent becomes activated, generating reactive oxygen species that destroy nearby cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. This approach is particularly useful for treating malignant obstructions, such as those caused by cholangiocarcinoma or pancreatic cancer, where traditional interventions like stenting or surgery may be less effective.

Onkolitikus therapy is often considered a minimally invasive alternative to surgery or radiation, offering targeted destruction of tumors with reduced systemic side effects. It is typically administered in specialized medical centers equipped with the necessary lighting technology. While effective for certain cases, its use is limited by factors such as tumor location, size, and the patient’s overall health. Clinical trials continue to explore its potential in expanding indications and improving outcomes for patients with obstructive malignancies.