Oldatfajták

Oldatfajták is a term used in Hungarian zoological literature to denote a group of ancient or prehistoric species that have survived into the present as distinct lineages. The word combines *oldat*, a variant of the older form *ólt** or *old*, meaning “ancient”, with *fajta*, meaning “species” or “type”. The concept was first formalised by Dr. István Kóbor in the early 1990s during his comparative anatomy studies of late Pleistocene fauna. He proposed that several modern species, such as the Hungarian mountain hare (*Lepus timidus hirtensis*) and the grey wolf (*Canis lupus*) exhibited morphological characteristics closely matching those of their ancient counterparts, justifying their classification within the Oldatfajták category.

Taxonomists using the Oldatfajták classification employ a combination of fossil records, genetic sequencing and morphometric analysis to determine lineage continuity. The criteria emphasise genetic markers that have remained relatively unchanged over the last 200,000 years, as well as phenotypic traits that persist across generations. The debate within the field revolves around the threshold of genetic divergence necessary to qualify a species as an Oldatfajta; some argue for stricter thresholds while others favour a broader inclusive approach.

The importance of identifying Oldatfajták lies in conservation biology. Recognising long‑standing lineages helps prioritise habitats that preserve evolutionary history. For instance, the protection of the Carpathian lynx (*Lynx lynx carpathicus*) is partly justified by its status as an Oldatfajta, emphasising the need to maintain its unique genetic heritage. Current research continues to refine the list, employing advanced genomic techniques to uncover hidden ancient lineages among modern wildlife.