OberleitungSchiene

Oberleitungsschiene is a German term that translates to "overhead line rail" or "contact rail" in English. It refers to a specific type of electrical conductor used in the overhead system of electric railways and trams. Unlike traditional overhead wires, which are typically stranded cables, an Oberleitungsschiene is a rigid or semi-rigid bar, often made of copper or aluminum, that serves as the conductor for power delivery to the vehicle's pantograph.

The use of Oberleitungsschienen offers several advantages in certain applications. Their rigidity can lead to improved mechanical stability, especially at high speeds or in areas prone to strong winds, reducing the risk of the conductor coming into contact with other structures. This can also result in more consistent contact pressure between the pantograph and the conductor, potentially reducing wear and arcing. Additionally, the streamlined profile of a rail can contribute to lower aerodynamic drag compared to a wire.

However, Oberleitungsschienen also present challenges. Their manufacturing and installation are generally more complex and costly than those of simple overhead wires. The rigid nature requires more precise alignment and support structures. Furthermore, expansion and contraction due to temperature changes can be more significant with a rigid rail, necessitating specialized expansion joints within the system. Consequently, Oberleitungsschienen are typically found in specific environments where their advantages outweigh the increased complexity and cost, such as in tunnels, at depots, or on sections of track with particularly demanding operating conditions.