arcing

Arcing refers to the sustained electrical discharge that occurs when current passes through a gas, such as air, between two electrodes. It begins when the applied voltage is sufficient to overcome the insulating strength of the medium, causing rapid ionization and the formation of a highly conductive plasma channel. An arc conducts current with a relatively constant voltage along the arc and emits intense light, heat, and sound. Arcs can be short-lived or become self-sustaining, depending on the circuit and conditions.

In electrical power systems, arcing can occur as a fault across insulators, between switching contacts, or from damaged equipment. Electric arcs can erode metals, damage insulation, generate electromagnetic interference, and pose fire and burn hazards.

In metalworking and manufacturing, arcing is exploited in processes such as arc welding and plasma cutting, where an electric arc melts or vaporizes metal to form joints or shapes. Shielding gas, flux, or consumable electrodes control the arc chemistry and protect the weld.

Safety and prevention: Arc-related hazards include arc flash, shock, and burns. Mitigation involves proper insulation, protective equipment, safe switching practices, arc-fault protection devices, regular maintenance, and adequate clearance around equipment.