Nyretoksiske

Nyretoksiske is a Norwegian adjective meaning nephrotoxic, describing substances or conditions that can injure the kidneys. In medical contexts, the term is used to categorize agents and exposures with the potential to impair renal function.

Common nephrotoxic agents include certain medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aminoglycoside antibiotics (for example gentamicin), platinum-based chemotherapy (cisplatin), and contrast agents used in imaging. Environmental and occupational exposures to heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium), solvents, and dehydration-related factors can also be nyretoksiske.

Nephrotoxicity can manifest as acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, or subclinical renal impairment. Mechanisms include tubular toxicity, interstitial inflammation, glomerular injury, and ischemia from vasoconstriction or reduced renal perfusion. Older individuals, those with pre-existing kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension, or high and repeated exposures are at higher risk.

Diagnosis relies on serial measurements of kidney function, such as serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), along with urinalysis and imaging as indicated. Prevention focuses on risk assessment, appropriate dosing, hydration, and avoidance of concomitant nephrotoxins when possible. Management may involve discontinuation or substitution of the offending agent, renal replacement therapy in severe cases, and supportive care.