dehydrationrelated

Dehydration-related refers to conditions and complications that arise from dehydration, or from imbalances caused by fluid loss. It can affect multiple body systems and ranges from mild to life-threatening.

Causes include inadequate fluid intake and excessive loss through sweating, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, burns, and certain medications such as diuretics. Environments with high heat or strenuous activity increase risk.

Signs and symptoms vary with severity. Mild dehydration may cause thirst and dry mouth; moderate dehydration can lead to reduced urine output, dark urine, dry skin, and fatigue; severe dehydration may cause rapid heartbeat, confusion, little or no urination, dizziness, or fainting.

Risk groups include young children, older adults, athletes, people with chronic illnesses, and those living in hot climates. Certain situations, such as prolonged illness with fever or vomiting, also increase the danger of fluid loss.

Complications can involve electrolyte disturbances (hyponatremia or hypernatremia), kidney injury, urinary tract infections, heat illness, and, in extreme cases, hypovolemic shock.

Management typically starts with oral rehydration solutions to restore fluids and electrolytes. Mild cases may be treated at home; severe dehydration requires medical care and often intravenous fluids and monitoring.

Prevention focuses on regular fluid intake, recognizing signs of thirst, adjusting intake during exercise or heat, and using oral rehydration after illnesses that cause vomiting or diarrhea.

See also: dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, oral rehydration therapy.