Nokia

Nokia Corporation (Nokia Oyj), known simply as Nokia, is a Finnish multinational technology company headquartered in Espoo. The company operates primarily in telecommunications network equipment and services, including 5G, IP and optical networks, cloud software, and licensing of its technology. The Nokia brand for mobile phones is no longer used by the company itself and is licensed to other manufacturers, notably HMD Global.

Its origins date to 1865, when Fredrik Idestam established a wood-pulp mill near Tampere in what is now Finland. The company diversified into rubber, cables, and electronics, and in 1967 Nokia Corporation was formed through a merger with the Finnish Rubber Works and the Finnish Cable Works. Over the following decades it expanded into telecommunications and consumer electronics.

In the 1990s and early 2000s Nokia became the leading global mobile phone maker, driven by iconic models and the Symbian operating system. The mobile devices division was sold to Microsoft, with the acquisition completed in 2014; Microsoft subsequently divested the business. In 2016 the Nokia brand mobile devices license was awarded to HMD Global.

After refocusing on network infrastructure, Nokia expanded through the 2010s and 2020s, including the acquisition of Alcatel-Lucent in 2016. The combined group supplies telecom equipment and services for wireless and fixed networks, develops 5G technology, and provides software, cloud, and professional services to operators worldwide. It also maintains a large patent portfolio.

Nokia is publicly traded on exchanges in Helsinki and New York. It remains a major player in the global telecommunications industry and has shaped the development of mobile communications, broadband networks, and network software for decades.