Nettverk

Nettverk is a system of interconnected nodes that enables communication and resource sharing. The term covers multiple domains, including computer networks, social networks, neural networks, and biological networks. Networks are characterized by their topology, protocols, and the rules that govern data exchange between connected components.

In computer networks, devices such as computers, routers, and switches form a network to transmit data over wired or wireless links. Common types include local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and the Internet. Data is routed using protocols such as IP, TCP, and UDP, operating within layered models like the OSI or the TCP/IP stack. Network performance depends on bandwidth, latency, reliability, and security.

Social networks describe relationships among individuals, organizations, or groups. Nodes represent actors and edges represent interactions or affiliations. They are studied to understand information flow, influence, and community structure, with applications in marketing, sociology, and epidemiology.

Neural networks and other biological networks model interconnected processing units or cells. Artificial neural networks are central to modern machine learning, using weighted connections and activation functions to learn patterns from data.

Design and standards: networks rely on agreed protocols and standards to ensure interoperability. Standards bodies include ISO, IEEE, and IETF. Common technologies include Ethernet, Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11), and IP-based routing. Network management focuses on security, privacy, scalability, and fault tolerance.