Nefrosjúkdómar

Nefrosjúkdómar refers to diseases affecting the kidneys. The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering waste products and excess fluid from the blood, producing urine, regulating blood pressure, and maintaining electrolyte balance. When kidneys are diseased, these functions can be impaired, leading to serious health consequences.

There are many types of kidney diseases, broadly categorized into acute and chronic. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden loss of kidney function that develops over hours or days. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a gradual decline in kidney function that occurs over months or years. Common causes of kidney disease include diabetes, high blood pressure, glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the filtering units in the kidneys), polycystic kidney disease, and autoimmune diseases like lupus.

Symptoms of kidney disease can vary widely and may not appear until the disease is advanced. Early signs can include changes in urination patterns (frequent urination, especially at night, or decreased urine output), swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet, fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, and muscle cramps. As kidney function deteriorates, more severe symptoms such as shortness of breath, confusion, and chest pain can occur.

Diagnosis typically involves blood and urine tests to assess kidney function and detect abnormalities. Imaging studies like ultrasounds may also be used. Treatment aims to manage the underlying cause, slow the progression of the disease, and alleviate symptoms. This can include lifestyle modifications, medications, and in severe cases, dialysis or kidney transplantation. Early detection and management are crucial for preventing severe complications and improving outcomes for individuals with nefrosjúkdómar.