Neelastická

Neelastická is a Czech adjective meaning not elastic. It is used to describe systems, materials or processes that do not return to their original shape after deformation or that dissipate energy when subjected to stress. The term is commonly applied in physics, engineering and economics to distinguish non-elastic behavior from elastic, recoverable responses.

In materials science, neelastická describes materials that exhibit plastic or viscous behavior once the elastic limit is surpassed. During loading, part of the deformation remains as permanent, measurable strain (plastic deformation), while energy is dissipated as heat or through internal structural changes. Some materials also show viscoelastic or anelastic behaviors, where deformation depends on time and may recover slowly or incompletely.

In physics and engineering, neelastická processes include inelastic collisions and damping phenomena. In an inelastic collision, kinetic energy is not conserved even though total energy is, because some energy is transferred to internal degrees of freedom such as vibrations, deformation or heat. This contrasts with elastic collisions, where kinetic energy is largely preserved. Damping and hysteresis in oscillatory systems are related to neelastické responses.

In economics, neelastická poptávka (inelastic demand) refers to a situation where the quantity demanded changes little in response to price changes. The price elasticity of demand is less than one in absolute value, indicating that consumers remain relatively sensitive or insensitive to price shifts depending on the good.

Overall, neelastická describes non-recoverable, dissipative, or relatively unresponsive behavior across various disciplines.