NavGraphs

NavGraphs are a data structure used in computer graphics and game development for pathfinding. They represent the traversable areas of a game environment as a graph. Each node in the graph typically represents a point or a region within the navigable space, and edges connect these nodes, indicating that movement is possible between them.

The primary purpose of NavGraphs is to enable artificial intelligence (AI) agents, such as non-player characters (NPCs) or enemies, to find efficient and realistic paths from one point to another. Instead of directly calculating a path through complex geometry, the AI agent queries the NavGraph to find a sequence of nodes to follow. Algorithms like A* (A-star) are commonly used to search the NavGraph for the optimal path.

The creation of a NavGraph often involves a process called "baking" or "generation." This typically happens once before runtime or during loading screens. The game engine analyzes the environment's geometry, identifying areas that are blocked by obstacles (like walls or props) and marking traversable spaces. This analysis can be performed automatically by the engine or with some manual input from level designers.

NavGraphs simplify pathfinding by abstracting away the detailed geometry. This leads to improved performance compared to direct geometric pathfinding, especially in large and complex environments. They are crucial for creating believable AI behavior, allowing characters to navigate mazes, avoid obstacles, and reach their destinations effectively.