Nahalööve

Nahalööve, in Estonian, refers to a rash or eruption on the skin. It describes a variety of skin changes, from small red patches to raised wheals or blisters, often accompanied by itching, burning, or warmth. The appearance and distribution can vary widely between individuals and conditions.

Causes and classification: Nahalööve is a common symptom rather than a single disease. It can arise from inflammatory skin reactions such as allergic contact dermatitis or irritant contact dermatitis, chronic eczema (atopic dermatitis), infections (viral, bacterial, fungal), drug reactions, autoimmune diseases, heat-related rashes, or sun sensitivity. Some rashes are contagious, such as certain viral infections or impetigo, while many are not.

Signs and symptoms: Typical features include redness, swelling, and itching. Bumps, scales, crusts, or fluid-filled blisters may be present. In some cases fever, fatigue, or swollen lymph nodes accompany the rash, suggesting infection or a systemic cause.

Diagnosis and differential: Diagnosis is usually clinical, based on appearance and history. Patch testing may identify contact allergens; skin swabs or cultures can detect infection; blood tests may be used for systemic disease. A skin biopsy is rarely needed.

Treatment and management: Treatment targets the underlying cause and symptom relief. Identifying and avoiding triggers is key. Skin care with mild cleansers and moisturizers helps. Topical corticosteroids reduce inflammation; oral antihistamines can help itch. Severe or widespread rashes, signs of infection, or immune compromise require medical evaluation; systemic steroids are rarely used and only under supervision.

Prognosis and prevention: Many rashes improve with appropriate treatment and self-care, though some chronic conditions persist. Prevention focuses on avoiding known irritants or allergens, using protective clothing, and maintaining skin moisture.