Nabothianska

Nabothianska refers to Nabothian cysts or Nabothian glands, a benign cervix condition characterized by small mucus-filled cysts on the cervix. These cysts arise from the Nabothian glands, which are the mucous-secreting glands located in the endocervical canal.

The formation typically occurs when inflammation or mechanical changes after childbirth lead to the squamous epithelium covering the cervical canal to seal over the gland openings. Secretions from the endocervical glands become trapped, gradually forming cystic spaces that may enlarge to a few millimeters or more. Most Nabothian cysts are numerous, small, and asymptomatic.

Clinically, Nabothian cysts are usually discovered incidentally during a pelvic examination. They appear as round, translucent or white-to-yellow nodules on the cervix. In rare cases, larger or numerous cysts can be noticed by patients as a mild lump or discomfort, but they rarely cause symptoms such as abnormal bleeding or discharge. They are distinct from cervical polyps and other cervical lesions.

Diagnosis is typically clinical, based on pelvic examination. If there is any doubt about a lesion, a clinician may perform colposcopy, ultrasound, or, rarely, a biopsy to exclude other conditions. Histology is not generally required for uncomplicated Nabothian cysts.

Management is usually unnecessary. No treatment is needed for asymptomatic cysts. If cysts are large, bothersome, or associated with other cervical pathology, procedures such as cyst drainage or removal may be considered, though these are uncommon. Nabothian cysts carry an excellent prognosis and are not associated with cervical cancer.