Nabemotoren

Nabemotoren, or hub motors, are electric motors integrated into the wheel hub to provide propulsion for bicycles and other light electric vehicles. By placing the motor in the wheel, the system can offer a compact profile and a direct drive to the wheel, reducing external components and aligning weight with the wheel.

Most nabemotoren are brushless DC motors. There are two main designs: direct-drive hub motors, which have no internal gears and deliver high torque at low speeds, and geared hub motors, which use internal gears to increase torque at the wheel. They can be installed in front or rear wheels and are typically paired with a rechargeable battery and a motor controller. Operation is commonly controlled via pedal-assist sensors or a throttle. In many markets, pedelecs are regulated to a maximum continuous power around 250 watts with assist cut-off around 25 km/h.

Benefits and drawbacks: advantages include simple integration with a bicycle’s drivetrain, quiet operation, and relatively low maintenance of the drive system. Drawbacks include additional weight at the wheel, which affects handling and suspension, potential heat buildup during longer climbs, and sometimes lower efficiency on steep grades compared with mid-drive systems. Replacement or repair can require servicing the hub unit, which may be less accessible than other motor placements.

Market and usage: nabemotoren are widely used in Europe and Asia on electric bicycles and some light scooters. Major manufacturers include Bosch, Brose, Shimano, Bafang and other suppliers. The term is common in Dutch-language sources and consumer guides describing e-bike propulsion options. The choice between hub motors and other drive layouts depends on riding preferences, maintenance, and price.