Naadam

Naadam is Mongolia's premier traditional festival, celebrated annually in July across the country and in Mongolian communities abroad. The name Naadam derives from the Mongolian word for "three games," referring to the festival's three main events: wrestling, horse racing, and archery. It functions as a national holiday and a major stage for displaying traditional Mongolian culture, hospitality, and community life, often featuring ceremonial parades, music, and public gatherings.

The festival has roots in the martial and pastoral traditions of the Mongol empire. It developed over centuries and was formalized in the 20th century during the socialist era, but its core activities preserve older customs. In Mongolia, Naadam culminates in mid-July, typically around July 11–13, with nationwide competitions and large-scale ceremonies centered in the capital, Ulaanbaatar, and in regional centers.

Wrestling is a central and highly attended event, with large numbers of competitors competing under traditional rules and attire. Horse racing covers long course races across the steppes, highlighting the endurance of riders and their ponies. Archery features marksmen shooting at targets with traditional bows, with rounds that stress precision and concentration. In addition to the sports, Naadam includes displays of traditional dress, music, and performances, and participants commonly wear deel garments and other customary attire.

The festival is a public expression of Mongolian identity and heritage, drawing crowds of spectators, families, and tourists. It remains a focal point of cultural pride and continues to be celebrated throughout Mongolia each year.