Mädesüß

Mädesüß, also known by its scientific name *Sambucus nigra*, is a deciduous shrub or small tree native to Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa. It belongs to the Adoxaceae family and is commonly found in hedgerows, woodlands, and along riverbanks. The plant is well-known for its clusters of small white flowers and dark purple-black berries, which ripen in late summer to early autumn.

The leaves of Mädesüß are pinnate, composed of five to seven leaflets, and have a distinctive, slightly unpleasant odor when crushed. This characteristic scent is due to the presence of volatile compounds, including aldehydes and terpenes. The flowers bloom in late spring to early summer and are highly attractive to pollinators such as bees and butterflies.

Mädesüß has a long history of use in traditional medicine. The flowers, leaves, and berries have been employed for their diaphoretic, anti-inflammatory, and expectorant properties. Infusions of the flowers are often used to relieve symptoms of colds, flu, and respiratory infections. However, it is important to note that the raw berries are toxic due to the presence of cyanogenic glycosides, and they must be cooked before consumption. The seeds also contain toxic compounds, making them unsafe to ingest.

In culinary applications, Mädesüß is primarily used to flavor liqueurs and syrups. One of the most well-known preparations is *Sambuca*, an Italian anise-flavored liqueur that traditionally includes Mädesüß as one of its ingredients. The berries can also be used to make jams, jellies, and fermented beverages, though proper preparation is essential to ensure safety.

Ecologically, Mädesüß plays a role in supporting biodiversity by providing food and habitat for various wildlife species. Its flowers attract pollinators, while its berries serve as a food source for birds and small mammals. The plant is also sometimes cultivated as an ornamental shrub in gardens for its attractive foliage and flowers.