Myxoedema

Myxoedema is a term often used interchangeably with severe hypothyroidism, referring to a clinical state characterized by profound hypo metabolism. It is the most severe clinical manifestation of an underactive thyroid gland. The condition arises when the thyroid gland fails to produce sufficient thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are crucial for regulating numerous bodily functions, including metabolism, heart rate, and body temperature.

The symptoms of myxoedema are a consequence of this hormonal deficiency. They can include extreme fatigue, lethargy, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, hair loss, and constipation. Cognitive functions may also be impaired, leading to slow thinking, memory problems, and depression. In severe cases, myxoedema can affect the cardiovascular system, causing a slow heart rate and fluid retention, particularly around the eyes and in the hands and feet, contributing to a characteristic puffy facial appearance.

The diagnosis of myxoedema is typically made through a physical examination and blood tests that measure thyroid hormone levels and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Elevated TSH levels, along with low T4 and T3 levels, confirm hypothyroidism. Treatment involves hormone replacement therapy with synthetic thyroid hormone, levothyroxine, which is taken orally. This treatment aims to restore normal thyroid hormone levels, alleviating the symptoms and preventing further complications. With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for myxoedema is generally good.