Multipump

Multipump refers to a pumping system that uses more than one pump to move fluids. It is used to improve reliability, increase capacity, or raise system pressure. Multipump arrangements are common in water-supply networks, irrigation, fire protection systems, HVAC, and industrial processing, where demand can vary or downtime is unacceptable.

Most multipump systems operate in parallel to increase flow while maintaining pressure, or in series to raise head. In parallel operation, pumps share the load and can be duty/standby or continuous load-sharing; in series operation, pumps raise discharge pressure while flow remains similar to a single pump. Some systems use mixed configurations with automatic sequencing to achieve efficient operation and redundancy.

Control is usually performed by a pump controller or building management system that starts and stops pumps based on measured pressure, flow, or storage level. Variable frequency drives may adjust speed to match demand. Proper suction head, anti-cavitation measures, check and isolation valves, and proper piping layout are essential to avoid instability and pump starvation or surge.

Advantages include higher reliability, flexibility to handle variable demand, reduced peak loading, and easier maintenance by isolating individual units. Challenges include higher capital cost, space, complexity of controls, potential imbalance between pumps, and the need for proper coordination to avoid short cycling and hydraulic interactions.

Typical components include multiple pumps, motor drives, a controller, sensors, isolation and check valves, piping manifolds, and sometimes storage tanks. Design considerations include duty point, system head curve, NPSH, pump compatibility, and safety and maintenance requirements; standards vary by industry and region (for example NFPA for fire protection and ASHRAE for HVAC).