Morkakeblødning

Morkakeblødning, also known as placental abruption or abruptio placentae, refers to a serious pregnancy complication where the placenta separates from the wall of the uterus before the baby is born. This separation can occur partially or completely, and it can happen at any point during the third trimester of pregnancy, although it is most common in the last 12 weeks.

The exact cause of morkakeblødning is not always clear, but several risk factors have been identified. These include high blood pressure during pregnancy (preeclampsia or chronic hypertension), previous placental abruption, trauma to the abdomen during pregnancy, smoking, drug use (especially cocaine), advanced maternal age, and carrying multiple babies. A short umbilical cord or uterine fibroids can also contribute.

Symptoms can vary depending on the severity of the abruption. Common signs include vaginal bleeding, which may be bright red or dark, and abdominal pain or uterine tenderness, often described as constant and severe. Some women may experience cramping or contractions. In more severe cases, the bleeding can be internal, meaning there is no visible vaginal bleeding, but the woman will still experience significant pain.

The consequences of morkakeblødning can be serious for both the mother and the baby. For the mother, risks include severe blood loss, shock, and a higher chance of needing a hysterectomy. For the baby, the separation of the placenta means reduced oxygen and nutrient supply, which can lead to premature birth, low birth weight, and in severe instances, fetal distress or stillbirth.

Diagnosis is typically made based on the woman's symptoms and a physical examination. Ultrasound can sometimes detect the abruption, but it is not always reliable, especially for smaller or internal bleeds. Management depends on the severity of the abruption, the gestational age of the baby, and the well-being of both mother and baby. In cases of severe abruption or significant fetal distress, immediate delivery, often via Cesarean section, is usually necessary. Less severe cases may be managed with close monitoring in a hospital setting.