Microhylidae

Microhylidae, commonly referred to as the narrow-mouthed frogs or microhylid frogs, is a family of frogs that belongs to the order Anura. This family consists of over 850 species that are found on every continent except Antarctica, with the majority of the species distributed across tropical and subtropical regions.

Microhylid frogs are characterized by their slender body shape, short legs, and narrow mouth openings. They typically possess a dorsoventrally flattened body, with a long and narrow snout. This morpohological feature is attributed to their burrowing behavior. Microhylids often live underground and feed on small invertebrates such as insects, spiders, and worms. Some species of microhylids have also been found to be capable of capturing small vertebrates, such as lizards and snakes.

This family is divided into 33 different genera, with a greater proportion of species included under the genera Microhyla, Gastromyzophis, Phrynomantis, and Hoplophryne. Microhylid frogs produce a range of sounds to communicate with other members of their species through a form of acoustic signaling. Additionally, males engage in unique behavioral patterns to attract females during the mating season. The scientific study of microhylids has largely focused on their behavior, development, and the ecology of their native habitats.

While many species within the Microhylidae family are considered harmless, some species possess mild poison and sparse spines or thorns on the dorsal surfaces of their bodies. This phylogenetic diversity contributes to the broad distribution of microhylid species across numerous ecological niches, leading to their significant importance as both practical and scientific subjects within the field of herpetology.