Microchipping

Microchipping is the practice of implanting a small, passive RFID transponder under the skin to provide a unique identifier. The chip itself does not contain detailed personal or medical data; instead, it links to a database that stores owner contact information, medical records, or species data. Microchips are most widely used for pets and livestock, and are also employed in some research and human applications.

The device is implanted with a short, sterile injection under local anesthesia, commonly between the shoulder blades in animals. The chip remains dormant until scanned by a handheld reader that emits an electromagnetic field to power the chip and retrieve its numeric ID. The ID is then looked up in a registry to reveal associated information.

Most microchips are passive RFIDs, roughly the size of a grain of rice. They vary in frequency and standard (for example, ISO 11784/11785 or ISO 14443). Not all readers can detect every chip type, which can limit data retrieval if records are not consistently updated or if a scanner cannot read the implant.

Benefits include easier identification of lost pets, faster reunification, and streamlined tracking in livestock and research settings. They do not provide proof of ownership by themselves and rely on up-to-date, accurate registries and records.

Safety and regulatory considerations exist. The procedure is generally safe but carries small risks of infection, inflammation, or chip migration. Some implants can affect MRI compatibility. In many jurisdictions pet microchipping is mandatory or encouraged, and human privacy laws govern the use and storage of linked data in registries.

Chips are designed for lifelong durability and typically do not require replacement. Costs usually cover the device and insertion, plus optional registration, and can vary by country and provider.